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INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET (IPA) and MORSE CODE
History of International Phonetic Alphabet or IPA
The International Phonetic Alphabet was
created soon after the International Phonetic Association was established in
the late 19th century. It was intended as an international system of phonetic
transcription for oral languages, originally for pedagogical purposes. The
Association was established in Paris in 1886 by French and British language
teachers led by Paul Passy. The prototype of the alphabet appeared in Phonetic
Teachers' Association (1888b). The Association based their alphabet upon the
Romic alphabet of Henry Sweet, which in turn was based on the Phonotypic
Alphabet of Isaac Pitman and the Palæotype of Alexander John Ellis.
History of Morse Code
Morse code was invented by an American called
Samuel Finley Breese Morse, (1791-1872). He was not only an inventor but also a
famous painter.
Before the invention of the telegraph, most messages that had to be sent over long distances were carried by messengers who memorized them or carried them in writing. These messages could be delivered no faster than the fastest horse. Messages could also be sent visually, using flags and later, mechanical systems called semaphore telegraphs, but these systems required the receiver to be close enough to see the sender, and could not be used at night.
The telegraph allowed messages to be sent very fast over long distances using electricity. The first commercial telegraph was developed by William Forthergill Cooke and Charles Wheatstone in 1837. They developed a device which could send messages using electrical signals to line up compass needles on a grid containing letters of the alphabet. Then, in 1838, Samuel Morse and his assistant, Alfred Vail, demonstrated an even more successful telegraph device which sent messages using a special code - Morse code.
Telegraph messages were sent by tapping out the code for each letter in the form of long and short signals. Short signals are referred to as dits (represented as dots). Long signals are referred to as dahs (represented as dashes). The code was converted into electrical impulses and sent over telegraph wires. A telegraph receiver on the other end of the wire converted the impulses back into to dots and dashes, and decoded the message.
In 1844, Morse demonstrated the telegraph to
the United States Congress using a now famous message "What hath God
wrought"..
Ways to Send Morse Code:
- ·
Whistle
- ·
Flashlight
- ·
Wig-wag flag
1.
Red square inside – white background outside (for dark environment /
night time)
2.
White square inside – red square inside (for shiny or lighted
environment / daylight)
|
IPA |
Morse Code |
|
Alpha |
.- |
|
Bravo |
-… |
|
Charlie |
-.-. |
|
Delta |
-.. |
|
Echo |
. |
|
Foxtrot |
..-. |
|
Golf |
--. |
|
Hotel |
…. |
|
India |
.. |
|
Juliet |
.--- |
|
Kilo |
-.- |
|
Lima |
.-.. |
|
Mike |
-- |
|
November |
-. |
|
Oscar |
--- |
|
Papa |
.--. |
|
Quebec |
--.- |
|
Romeo |
.-. |
|
Sierra |
… |
|
Tango |
- |
|
Uniform |
..- |
|
Vector |
…- |
|
Whiskey |
.-- |
|
X-ray |
-..- |
|
Yankee |
-.-- |
|
Zulu |
--.. |
|
1 |
.---- |
|
2 |
..--- |
|
3 |
…-- |
|
4 |
….- |
|
5 |
….. |
|
6 |
-…. |
|
7 |
--… |
|
8 |
---.. |
|
9 |
----. |
|
0 |
---- |
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